How Teachers And Students Communicate And Teaching More...

As a student for 20 years in China, I am used to the quiet classroom that almost only teachers are talking all the time. However, since I came to Canada, I never had any classroom that does not encourage students to share ideas and generate arguments. The communication in and outside class makes a great difference for my learning experience. I started to realize my value and build my own voices through these talking with my classmates and teachers. I believe by including effective communication in and outside class can be beneficial for both teachers and students. Therefore, I would like to explore more about how teachers and students handle communication in and outside class to make learning and teaching more effective through my field work observation. For the first and second fieldwork at a community elementary school, I observed the classroom as both a teacher and a student. As a teacher, I paid attention to students’ interactions with each other, and their interactions with the teacher. I observed the students’ feelings and responses towards teachers’ instructions. As a student, I tried to understand the teacher’s instructions, and think about how these instructions can be helpful for generating ideas and questions. I imagined myself as a student, and think about how would I feel about learning in this class. Since I have been a student for a long time and I am trying to be a teacher, the role switching as both teach and student is quite convenient and familiar for meShow MoreRelatedPriority List for Implementing Supervision Instructional Strategies1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe instructional leader must be skillful, effective, and flexible with all instructional supervision strategies. An enlightened leader provides constructive feedbacks that improve instruction, and ultimately, student performance; and leads a team of educators to reach their highest potential. Based on my study of the different strategies, the following is the order of my priority: Critical Friends Group, Standards-Based Walk-Through, Peer Coaching, Mentoring, Peer Assessment, Clinical SupervisionRead MoreThe Profession Of Teaching : Candidate Self Evaluation Essay1544 Words   |  7 PagesEDT 110: The Profession of Teaching Candidate Self Evaluation Grounded in the Marianist tradition, the mission of the Department of Teacher Education is to educate scholar practitioners who build community, engage in critical reflection, and embrace diversity for the promotion of social justice. Our department’s theme â€Å"Teacher as Reflective Decision Maker in a Pluralistic Society† embodies the tenets of our mission statement and enables us to continue our development of distinctive graduatesRead MoreMy Field Observation Site And Its Goal As A School Essay1619 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper starts off by describing my field observation site and its goal as a school. I then am going to talk about the specific classroom I was placed in and what I’ve learned as a whole. I describe my experiences and observations and its relation to what I’ve learned in theory from the educational course I took this semester. My main focus is going to be on pedagogy, classroom management, and cultural diversity in the school. Field experience site My field experience site was at the World LanguageRead MorePersonal Philosophy Of Educational Essay Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesGhana said, â€Å"Knowledge is power. Information is liberating. Education is the premise of progress, in every society, in every family† (nobelprize.org). My ambition to become an educator stems from a desire to help children grow into productive and successful adults. I am a mother of six children. As I have guided my individual children through the different stages of their childhood, adventures, adversities, and educational experiences, I have come to realize that all children have similar basicRead MoreEssay On Classroom Observation1225 Words   |  5 PagesEach classroom observation I have completed has led to a more productive learning experience, and I have been able to view teaching theories and strategy first hand. Through my classroom field experience I have had several opportunities to help with different classroom activities suc h as work with small groups of students, clarifying concepts for individual students, and aiding students with technology. I observed three different classrooms a 3rd and 4th grade class at a private school, a 6th gradeRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Education And Education Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pageshowever, a lot of education is also learned through experiences in life. We go through schooling to learn the fundamental concepts and thinking modalities so that we can take all of this learned knowledge and apply it to and use it for the everyday situations in our lives and in the real world. So, I believe that all people should and deserve to go to school and get an â€Å"education† that they can use for a â€Å"lifetime†. The purpose of education is to teach students a wide and vast variety of things. In additionRead MorePromoting Cross Cultural Competence For Pre Service Teachers Through Multicultural Education Experiences Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesThrough the article â€Å"Fostering Cross Cultural Competence in Pre-service Teachers Through Multicultural Education Experiences†, author Dr. Jared Keengwe discusses the growing conflict of diversity in American classrooms. Dr. Keengwe argues that 21st century educators are not properly prepared to teach, or communicate effectively with students of diverse backgrounds. In many examples provided throughout the article, Dr. Keengwe presents the negative attributes associated with such educators who lackRead MoreEssay Classroom Observation Report1698 Words   |  7 Pages When thinking about the nature of students, I think about how the students behave. I believe that the behavior of students as a group reflects eclecticism meaning that every child behaves differently although every behavior can be integrated. While doing my observation in a second grade classroom, I have met students that are extremely social and active as well as students who are rather quiet and reserved. Usually when an extremely social child is seated with a quiet child, the quiet childRead MoreThe Statement Of Teaching Philosophy1240 Words   |  5 PagesStatement of Teaching Philosophy Michael Robb, Ph.D. January 2015 Undergraduates in introductory psychology courses are often fascinated by the unique experiments and observations that reveal insights into human nature. It can be challenging, but also more rewarding, to help students understand the theories that try to make sense out of research. However, when students are able to understand psychological and educational theory, they are better able to construct the story of the human experienceRead MoreThe Importance Of A Special Education Teacher Essay1686 Words   |  7 PagesI choose to be a special education teacher for a few reasons. I have grown up with a learning difference, and I know how it feels to be struggling in school. I want to give back to the community that has given me a lot of confidence in life. I enjoy being in a classroom and learning. I love the structure of how a school day runs and how it does not change much. A major in special education is my dream job. The ability to work with children of all special education settings is an amazing experience

Personal Report On Personal Protection Equipment Essay

Personal Protection Equipment – Includes: a. Eye/Face Protection - Including goggles, safety glasses, face shields, and respirator lenses b. Chemical Protective Clothing – Includes gloves, aprons, coveralls, pants, jackets, and boots Plant Property – Applies to items costing greater than $250,000. For management, financial and technical control purposes, plant property items, and expenditures are divided into four classes: a. Class 1 – Land b. Class 2 – Buildings, structures, and utilities c. Class 3 – Equipment, other than industrial plant equipment d. Class 4 – Industrial plant equipment Pre-Expended Bin (PEB) –An accountable process that allow shops and laps to have a limited quantity of high usage/low cost inventory on hand that has been financially expensed from ERP. Material must meet all criteria set forth in reference (?). Specifically, items must have a planned demand rate (usually within 90 days), and unit price shall be $1,000 or less. Only a 30 day supply will be allowed to be pre0expended. Reference: NUWC ltr 4400 Ser TD/028 of 17 DEC 13 Receipt processing time - This processing is the timeframe expressed in hours from the time supplies arrived at the bldg.3210 to posting of receipts to the N-ERP stock record account’s formal accounting record. Reconciliation - A comparison of the supply records of separate activities to ensure their compatibility. The term reconciliation includes the corrective actions necessary to bring the two record sets intoShow MoreRelatedOccupational Safety And Health Administration Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pagesprofession. For example, OSHA requires companies to commands their respective workers to utilize Personal Protective Equipment, also referred to as PPE. PPE aims to lower the physical risk of workers when dealing directly with the likes of toxic substances, tools, and machinery in addition to be around unstable objects and structures. There are countless forms of gadgets, tools, and physical protection that comes from PPE, and it is frustrating to think that if one-hundred percent of individuals workingRead MoreEvaluation Of A Employee Safety Manual Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesPolicy 6 General Safety Work Practices for Construction 7 Personal Protective Equipment 7 Housekeeping 7 Fall Protection 8 Electrical 8 Ladder safety 8 Trenching and Excavating 11 Scaffold Safety Rules 12 Motorized Vehicles and Equipment 13 Appendix: Employee Orientation Checklist 14 Job Safety Hazard Analysis Worksheet 15 Fall Protection Work Plan 16 Crew Leader Safety Meeting Form 17 Weekly Walk-around safety inspection 18 Equipment Safety Inspection Checklist 19 Framing Emphasis ChecklistRead MoreHealth Safety Environment : The Protection Of The Body From Illness Essay1165 Words   |  5 PagesHEALTH SAFETY ENVIRONMENT Brief Introduction Health refers to the protection of the body from illness that may result from interaction with materials for construction, processes, and generally the procedures used in site and field. On the other hand safety refers to the protection of people from any type of physical injury. These two terms are used interchangeably in describing the concern for both the physical and psychological well-being of people, particularly laborers in this instance. I wasRead MoreThe Effects Of Noise Induced Hearing Loss1502 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract This report is on Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) which, in New Zealand industries, is a significant issue for personal, organisations and nationally. Introduction Noise-induced hearing loss is one of the most common workplace injuries and has been identified as an occupational hazard. NIHL is a painless occurrence when tiny hair cells in the ear die progressively due to excessive exposure. This happens gradually and is permanent as the tiny cells in the ear cannot regenerateRead MoreEssay about Responsibilities of Personal Protection1225 Words   |  5 PagesResponsibilities of Personal Protection To understand the responsibilities of personal protection one must first understand what personal protection is. Once this is established one can begin to discuss the responsibilities and duties of personal protection, the rationale for personal protection, and finally, the history, and evolution of security and personal protection. Personal protection is important in the security industry and a profession that continues to change and evolve. Personal protection protectsRead MoreThe Laboratory Practices And Safety Precautions849 Words   |  4 Pageslimited to, the proper handwashing technique, (thoroughly washing under warmest water, tolerated, for twenty seconds), disinfection of work area before and after working, allowing for only the lab manual/book to be on area along with experiment and equipment. Having knowledge of this information will give me the tools to be a safe operator while in the in the laboratory ensuring my safety, along with others that may be present. Additionally, reduction of accidents and injuries would occur when one knowsRead MoreHealth Hazards Of Children Service Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many hazards in children service working environment since the workers are in direct contact with the chemicals, unlike the children. Part A Q1 Hazard Checklist Hazard Detail Risk of infection Present Equipment Risky when handled wrongly Manual Handling Risky Housekeeping Risky Personal Stress and Fatigue High Risk Waste disposal and sanitization Risky: Handle with correct gear Work environment Safe when safety procedures are followed The above hazards find their way in the workplace basicallyRead MoreFactors That Affect The Validity Of Research1280 Words   |  6 Pagesby the evidence given from the research. There are various factors that affect the validity of research and these factors are: ensuring that the methods used is appropriate for the purpose of the research. The methods can include using the right equipment and knowing the accuracy of it when it’s used to make measurements, observing how the research was carried out, the way the results were analysed and looking out for what improvements can be made to it. Another factor is the presentation of the researchRead MoreQCF 641 642 643 Generics1448 Words   |  6 Pagessafety control equipment, identified by the principles of protection, should be used relating to types, purpose and limitations of each type, the work situation, occupational use and the general work environment, in relation to: 1. Collective protective measures, 2. Personal protective equipment (PPE), 3. Respiratory protective equipment (RPE), 4. Local exhaust ventilation (LEV). Unit Number UPK Number Answered QCF 641 1.5 State how the health and safety control equipment relevant to theRead MoreUnit 5 Health Safety and Security P2,M1999 Words   |  4 Pagesemployees-must provide a written health and safety policy, take precautions to reduce the possibility of accidents occurring, provide training to enable staff to work safely, provide equipment (if needed) to ensure the health of those working. Employees must comply with health and safety policies in the workplace and report any potential hazards. Also, employees need to be fully informed of their rights and responsibilities and leave nothing to chance. ‘The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 is the

Aids and Society Essay Example For Students

Aids and Society Essay The number of newborns infected by vertical transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus is increasing as the prevalence of HIV-positive women increase within the United States. It is estimated that while seven thousand HIV-positive women become pregnant each year, between one thousand and two thousand of their newborns will be HIV-positive. This research paper will concentrate on the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus from mother to child, the benefits of drugs intervention, and whether or not the HIV-screening process of pregnant women should remain voluntary or become mandatory. The HIV-virus has proven that it is not a disease to be taken lightly or ignored. I chose this topic because I want to be informed about the virus and its rate of vertical transmission so that I will be able to inform others about such ethical topics: Does the baby have rights and should a pregnant women be denied her right to privacy with respect to HIV?Data shows that AIDS is now increasing faster among females than males, with women accounting for seven percent of cases in 1985 and nineteen percent in 1995. The incidences of HIV-positive heterosexual women have risen dramatically over the past decade, and AIDS is now the third leading cause of death among women ages twenty-five to forty-four. The one thing that all of these women have in common is that they all are of child bearing age. Consequently, the incidences of HIV-positive newborns have alsoincreased. As mentioned previously, about seven thousand HIV-infected women give birth each year, and about twenty-five percent of the ir babies are HIV-positive. Maternal transmission accounted for ninety-two percent of all new AIDS cases reported in children in 1994(Davis15). A major breakthrough in drug intervention began in February 1993. The AIDS Clinical Trials Group administered a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study of zidovudine, also known as AST. Four hundred seventy-five women were enrolled in the study. These women were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group received zidovudine while the other, the control group, received a placebo. The administration of either zidovudine or placebo began in the second trimester of pregnancy and continued through labor. For six weeks after birth, the babies received the same treatment as the mothers in a syrup form. Because it was a double-blinded study, neither the researchers nor the patients knew who was actually receiving the zidovudine. Only three hundred sixty-four babies of the four hundred twenty-one born were available for testing. R esults showed that, of the three hundred sixty-four available for testing, fifty-three were infected with HIV; thirteen were born to mothers receiving zidovudine and forty to mothers on placebo (FDA Consumer 3). According to this data, when both mothers and babies received zidovudine, there was a transmission rate of 8.3 percent. This was a dramatic decrease in the rate of transmission when compared to the control group who had a transmission rate of 25.5 percent. With results such as these, drug intervention with respect to both pregnant women and newborns should become more commonplace with each day. For example, if the decrease in maternal transmission rate is duplicated from the AIDS Clinical Trials Group study, and the estimated seven thousand HIV-infected women deliver infants while accepting treatment with zidovudine, one will conclude that under these hypothetical conditions, as many as two-thirds, or twelve hundred, of all vertically acquired HIV-infections could be prevented annually(Davis 15). This decrease in maternal transmission would be ideal if all conditions were met, but there seems to be one major flaw. Many pregnant women do not know they are infected with HIV. The problem now is how to identify HIV-infected pregnant women at an early enough stage, so that the use of AZT could drastically reduce the chances of the baby being born with HIV. It is critical that the physician know of a womens HIV-infection prior to or early in her pregnancy. Because many women who are at risk are completely unaware of it, a growing national debate has centered on mandatory HIV testing of all pregnant women. This notion of mandatory screening has raised many ethical issues. It is certain that those who test positive and accept treatment with AZT would have a decreased transmission rate,

Opportunities and challenges of Digital marketing to organizations

Introduction Digital marketing refers to the use of internet, which is a major communication and marketing medium, to engage customers through online advertising to conduct promotions of products and services.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Opportunities and challenges of Digital marketing to organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Digital marketing uses devises like web browsers Smart Phones, social media, and game consoles. Therefore, digital marketing is the use of a combination of internet technologies to do marketing campaigns (Martin Todorov 2010, p. 62). Social technologies help drive revenue high as they fit in the large market. In this regard, the five-element formulas of digital marketing are (Klososky 2012, pp. 42-43); Elements of digital marketing Building productive websites. Providing social technologies. Mobile tools. Driving online traffic. Measurement systems. Building productive webs ites This refers to the sites that contain information that has been stored where people can gain access to the information they need and conduct their transactions. People come to these properties with specific reasons (Klososky 2012, p. 42). Providing social technologies This refers to the tools used for communication and they help build relationships with potential clients and existing customers. The tools, which are for sharing and disseminating information, are important in that they develop long-term business prospects. Social technology includes; Social media – sites for uploading documents, videos, presentations, graphics and photos and then sharing them with the target group through YouTube , Slide-Share, Flicker and Scribed. Social relevance – it touches on how well a company has managed to popularize itself online to improve its reputation. Social networks – this is the internet-based sites such as, twitter where the firm gets in touch with its clien ts, and would be clients. They include sites such as twitter, face book, Linkeldn among others (Klososky 2012, p. 42). Mobile tools Mobile tools are instruments that a firm relies on to connect with their customers on a daily basis be it during the day or during the night. The business connection through mobile is important as customers like connections all the time with their service providers. Organization requires this mobile tool to connect to their clients (Klososky 2012, p. 43). Driving online traffic Once a business integrates the elements of social technology, mobile tool, and productive websites, it can now drive large volume of traffic than the existing relationship net. To do this, a business can use the traditional approach such as advertising on billboards, search engine optimization, as well as the pay-per-click campaigns (Klososky 2012, p. 43).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Measurement systems It is an agreed concept that whatever gets measured gets done. Once the above four elements are in place and fully integrated, it is important to have a full suite of measurement to know what works and what needs improvement for corrective action (Klososky 2012, p. 43). Social technologies play an essential part in the life of a company in that they are the building blocks of an ongoing conversation between a firm and its constituent. Businesses should build value added relationships to help them grow in terms of revenue and clients retention. A combination of social tools with mobile applications and web properties give strong tools for augmenting a company’s ability to do this (Klososky 2012, p. 43). Opportunities for digital marketing The modern digital market has opportunities in various locations, which are touch points where brands interact with clients in different time, locations and at different activity levels and platform. An opportunity arises where the digital marketers bridge the gap of reaching consumers. Consumers have different preferences and wants. Therefore, the brand has to be relevant to consumers. The digital market also creates a synergy across the different touch points. The achievement of this is by connecting activities that extend customer experience in the different places where the customer engages the brand. 1. Convergence platforms – they offer opportunities for digital marketers to have their products and brand known to consumers. They include videos and televisions displayed at the various positions of the business where clients meet. The idea of having to watch full HD resolution is enticing to digital marketers. Consumers can do it on the go, at home or at any shopping mall regardless of the device they are using. The ability to watch a favorite program whether on YouTube shows a promising marketing opportunity for digital marketers since they can have their products known to people as they watch their programs (Martin Todorov 2010, p. 64).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Opportunities and challenges of Digital marketing to organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More 2. Mobile platform – very many people today own a mobile phone. In fact, a study shows that three out of five people own a mobile phone. The mobile phones come with different applications and they are of different make. The opportunity surrounding the mobile platform is wide for marketers. Mobile phones are becoming better and more advanced and the mobile makers have very good networks of distributing their mobile making them readily available to customers. This creates an opportunity for digital marketers since they can market goods that are tailor made to their clients. The phones have very fast internet speed (3G and 4G), that are changing and pushing innovations to new heights and thus pulling markete rs. Phones are getting better with tools such as GPS and AR (Martin Todorov 2010, p. 64). Challenges for organizations using digital marketing Regulation – the advent of digital marketing leads to massive legislation that eats into revenue of firms. Consumers are more knowledgeable and they expect high standards just like in the traditional media. Therefore, digital marketing and need for consumer protection and the maintenance of high standards pose a challenge to companies using digital marketing (Hollis Fitch, 2009, p. 208). Digital marketing uses the internet and mobile as well as computers. Most of the consumers are not computer literate. They don not know how to use the applications and this means that the products marketed are not well known. People also tend to have a negative attitude towards products sold through the digital media due to fraud and hacking challenges (Hollis Fitch, 2009, p. 212). Ways organizations learn to use digital marketing Customer acquisi tion – this is by selecting the best media tools to acquire new customers (Weber 2009). Developing digital marketing department – this will replace the traditional marketing with media type of advertising. Firms need to train and assess their marketing teams with the new skills of digital marketing (Jones 2012). Customer conversion – The conversion method requires the firm to understand and define its online experience and the integration of channels to maximize revenue (Parkin 2009). Reason organizations adopt digital marketing Organizations should adopt digital marketing to take advantage of growth in computing and mobile industry. It helps marketers send information to many clients quickly Digital marketing is cost effective since one is only required to have very little work and the adverts are traceable. Digital marketing tools are easily accessible. Justification This will help the firms reach their target audience within a very short period. It also hel ps firms avoid pitfalls that hamper the delivery of benefits to ends users (Hollis Fitch, 2009, p. 213).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Hollis, N Fitch, D 2009, ‘Is global marketing as rewarding as it first appears?’, Journal of sponsorship, vol. 2 no. 3, pp. 206-214. Jones, C 2012, Understanding Digital Marketing: Marketing Strategies for Engaging the Digital Generation, Kogan Page Publishers, London Klososky, S 2012, Social Technology, Thompson Learning, South Melbourne Martin, K Todorov, I 2010, Journal of interactive advertising, Vol. 10 no 2, pp. 61-66 Parkin, G 2009, Digital Marketing: Strategies for Online Success, New Holland, Hague Weber, L 2009, Marketing to the Social Web: How Digital Customer Communities Build Your Business, John Wileys Sons, New York. This report on Opportunities and challenges of Digital marketing to organizations was written and submitted by user Cristian Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Root Square Mean Velocity Example Problem

Root Square Mean Velocity Example Problem Gases are made up of individual atoms or molecules freely moving in random directions with a wide variety of speeds. Kinetic molecular theory tries to explain the properties of gases by investigating the behavior of individual atoms or molecules making up the gas. This example problem shows how to find the average or root mean square velocity (rms) of particles in a gas sample for a given temperature. Root Mean Square Problem What is the root mean square velocity of the molecules in a sample of oxygen gas at 0  °C and 100  °C?Solution:Root mean square velocity is the average velocity of the molecules that make up a gas. This value can be found using the formula:vrms [3RT/M]1/2wherevrms average velocity or root mean square velocityR ideal gas constantT absolute temperatureM molar massThe first step is to convert the temperatures to absolute temperatures. In other words, convert to the Kelvin temperature scale:K 273  °CT1 273 0  °C 273 KT2 273 100  °C 373 KThe second step is to find the molecular mass of the gas molecules.Use the gas constant 8.3145 J/mol ·K to get the units we need. Remember 1 J 1 kg ·m2/s2. Substitute these units into the gas constant:R 8.3145 kg ·m2/s2/K ·molOxygen gas is made up of two oxygen atoms bonded together. The molecular mass of a single oxygen atom is 16 g/mol. The molecular mass of O2 is 32 g/mol.The units on R use kg, so the molar mass must al so use kg.32 g/mol x 1 kg/1000 g 0.032 kg/molUse these values to find the vrms. 0  °C:vrms [3RT/M]1/2vrms [3(8.3145 kg ·m2/s2/K ·mol)(273 K)/(0.032 kg/mol)]1/2vrms [212799 m2/s2]1/2vrms 461.3 m/s100  °Cvrms [3RT/M]1/2vrms [3(8.3145 kg ·m2/s2/K ·mol)(373 K)/(0.032 kg/mol)]1/2vrms [290748 m2/s2]1/2vrms 539.2 m/sAnswer:The average or root mean square velocity of the oxygen gas molecules at 0  °C is 461.3 m/s and 539.2 m/s at 100  °C.

Understanding the Threats to Animals and Wildlife

Understanding the Threats to Animals and Wildlife Living things face a constant barrage of external stresses or threats that challenge their ability to survive and reproduce. If a species is unable to successfully cope with these threats through adaptation, they may face extinction. A constantly changing physical environment requires organisms to adapt to new temperatures, climates, and atmospheric conditions. Living things must also deal with unexpected events such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, meteor strikes, fires, and hurricanes. As new lifeforms arise and interact, species are further challenged to adapt to one another to deal with competition, predation, parasitism, disease, and other complex biotic processes. In recent evolutionary history, threats facing many animals and other organisms have been driven primarily by the effects of a single species: humans. The extent to which humans have altered this planet has affected countless species and has initiated extinctions on such a vast scale that many scientists believe we are now experiencing a mass extinction (the sixth mass extinction in the history of life on earth). Preventable Threats Since man is indeed part of nature, man-made threats are merely a subset of natural threats. But unlike other natural threats, man-made threats are threats that we can prevent by changing our behavior. As humans, we have a unique ability to understand the consequences of our actions, both present, and past. We are capable of learning more about the effects our actions have on the world around us and how changes in those actions could help to alter future events. By examining how human activities have adversely impacted life on earth, we can take steps to reverse past damages and prevent future damage. The Types of Man-Made Threats Man-made threats can be classified into the following general categories: Habitat Destruction Fragmentation - The destruction or splitting up of once continuous habitat to enable humans to use the land for agriculture, development of towns and cities, construction of dams, or other purposes.Climate Change - Human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, have altered the Earths atmosphere and have resulted in global climate changes.Introduction of Exotic Species - Accidental and intentional introduction of non-native species into regions never before occupied by the species have resulted in the extinction of numerous endemic species.Pollution - Pollutants (pesticides, herbicides, etc.) released into the environment are ingested by a wide variety of organisms.Over-Exploitation of Resources - Exploitation of wild populations for food has resulted in population crashes (over-fishing, for example).Hunting, Poaching, Illegal Trade of Endangered Species - Some endangered species are targeted for their value on illegal markets.Accidental Deaths - Car hits, window collisions (birds), collisions with ships (whales).

Corporate Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Corporate Taxation - Essay Example First, we must discuss the subject of corporate taxation so that we can understand what it is and what it is all about, and this includes surveying the principle features and recent history of corporate taxation, followed by the consideration of the incentives that tax systems provide for the behavior of corporations, and then as well we must discuss the scenarios that have taken place over the last 20 years in regards to tax changes, and finally, we must examine how these changes have affected corporate taxation, and all of the key and related issues as well. By doing this, we will be able to come to a much more aware and intelligent understanding on the subject matter at hand overall. This is what will be dissertated in the following. Corporate taxation is considered as being an incredibly important source of government revenue across the world, and as well it is a significant and major consideration in regards to the planning of business activities. Corporate tax is a term which refers to "a tax levied by various jurisdictions on the profits made by companies or associations. As a general principle, the tax varies substantially between jurisdictions. In particular allowances for capital expenditure and the amount of interest payments that can be deducted from gross profits when working out the tax liability vary substantially. Also, tax rates may vary depending on whether profits have been distributed to shareholders or not. Profits which have been reinvested may not be taxed" (Wikipedia, 2007). Bigger businesses are the businesses which end up spending the most attention and devotion to corporate tax however this is for good reason, as corporate income tends to be most highly concentrated in a relatively small number of large companies. The impact of corporate tax on economic behavior is very great and significant, and "The taxation of corporate income encourages entrepreneurs and managers to structure and conduct their business operations in ways designed to avoid taxes. Corporations generally reduce their tax obligations, and those of their shareholders, by using debt rather than equity finance, investing in assets that can be rapidly depreciated for tax purposes and those for which generous tax credits are available, and avoiding dividend payments or other tax-disadvantaged distributions to investors" (Hines, 2001). However, although corporate taxation is one of the most known forms of taxation, it is actually the least properly understood, and not only that, but most economists for quite some time now have considered it as being the least efficient and least defensible of all forms of taxation. Statistics show that corporate taxation has increased dramatically over the years, especially over the past few decades in particular, as "In the forties and early fifties the corporate income tax provided about a third of federal revenues, and as recently as 1966, the proportion was 23 percent. It declined steadily for the next twenty years, reaching a nadir of 6.2 percent in 1983. This was partly by design. The top corporate tax rates fell from 52.8 percent in 1969 to 46 percent in 1979" (Norton, 2002). There are more problems than just this however that are considered as being involved in regards to corporate taxation, and in particular, the central problem with the corporate tax, from an economic point of view, is that "ultimately, only people can pay taxes. Economists have had great difficulty in assessing the

Visual Analysis writing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Visual Analysis writing assignment - Essay Example Inventory Image of a young girl from the back wearing white cotton skirt, and looking into a circular hole or what appears as a circular window in a dramatically patterned wall. A wide-brimmed hat obscures her head and echoes the shape of the entryway. She is bare feet and stands tentatively on her toes with the right foot overlapping the left one as though she wants to create stairs with her feet. She seems to be investigating something mysterious from inside the tunnel in which her right hand has disappeared into the unseen contents of the void. Intense sunlight is revealed with the distinct shadow cast by the girl’s body on the wall. The girl appears to be searching for an unknown thing, which leaves us investigating the contrast between the fearful unknown and her innocence. Composition One of the evident principle of design in this composition is emphasis whereby the artist pulls our eyes to the void through which the subject seems to be searching for something. ... The circular shape creates a sense of substance and space particularly positive space taken up by the subject. In addition, shape is also seen in the complex and dramatic pattern of the rectangles and squares of the wall. The surface texture of this image appears rough with black and white value that creates timelessness. Finally, there is repetition particularly of the circular shape, which results into a composition with unity and balance. Visual cues Black and white is the color of this photo, but with various tones. In addition, there is a sharp contrast created by the shadow revealing the photo was taken during intense sunlight. With respect to form, the circular shape of the heart leads the eyes of the audience to peep into the circular tunnel that seem to capture all the attention of this girls as she looks for an unknown inside the circular hole. When it comes to depth, only the foreground is focused, as the background is invisible due to the dramatically patterned old wall t hat blocks it. However, depth is visible in the circular portal, which appears to go deep inside beyond the wall. Finally, there is little movement with the only one created by the girl struggle to see what is inside or beyond the hole. This minimal, restricted movement creates a sense of fear. Semiotic signs and codes The element of semiotic signs and codes in this photo is the exaggerated big hat, which resonates with the Mexican people. The kind of hat in this photo is particularly used for those who work in plantations perhaps to shield them from intense sun, as well as for some cultural festivities. Along with the long white skirt, these two semiotic signs and codes play a significant role in determining the narrative of this image. Cognitive elements The cognitive

Education Reform Essay Example for Free

Education Reform Essay Introduction 1. How many of you had a senior class with a 100% graduation rate? 90%? 80%? 70%? Less than 70%? I graduated in 1985, tenth in my class. There were 500 kids in my senior class, and all but three of us graduated. That’s over a 99% graduation rate. Yet, we had been told just two years prior that our schools were not doing their jobs, and that we would be the first generation that would not exceed our parents’ generation educationally. What does that say about your generation? Is it your fault? Or your teachers or parents? Is it because of or in spite of education reform? 2. Today I will speak to you about education reform. First, I will discuss a bit of the history of reform, especially in the latter half of the 20th century. Next, I will speak about how the reform of today is actually hurting both students and teachers, and creating problems for future generations. Finally, I will talk about some possible solutions to give teachers more autonomy in teaching and children more joy and interest in learning. 3. I am qualified to speak about this topic because of my own experiences with education reform, the past ten years of extensive research I have done on this subject, and the papers I have written about it. (Transition: Let me begin by giving you a brief history of education reform. ) Body 1. Education reform is nothing new. A look at the history of public schools in the United States shows accountability standards have been around for nearly 200 years. Who is accountable to whom and for what have changed, but the basic premise has been in place a long time. In 1897, Dr. Joseph Mayer Rice began the push for standardized achievement tests to evaluate curriculum and instruction. While unsuccessful at first, by World War I school boards across the nation were using achievement tests in elementary and secondary schools. Accountability was placed on the administrators, superintendents, and the school boards. Until just after the Second World War, schools in modern buildings with sufficient rooms, desks, and textbooks for students, qualified teachers, and indoor plumbing were viewed as good schools. A. With the launch of Sputnik by the Soviets, education standards in America began to change. The upheaval of the 1950s and 1960s gave way to higher standards and the onus of accountability was beginning to shift to teachers. B. In The Schools our Children Deserve: Moving Beyond Traditional Classrooms and â€Å"Tougher Standards†, published in 1999, Alfie Kohn writes that by the end of the 1970s, two thirds of the states had mandated that high school students had to pass minimum competency tests to graduate. C. The 1983 report A Nation at Risk states â€Å"†¦the educational foundations of our society are presently being eroded by a rising tide of mediocrity that threatens our very future as a Nation and a people. What was unimaginable a generation ago has begun to occur—others are matching and surpassing our educational attainments. â€Å" Reforms continued through the 1980s and 1990s, but it wasn’t until the much maligned No Child Left Behind was enacted in 2002 that education reform was once again at the forefront of our attention. (Transition: That brings me to my second point, which deals with the problems with education reform, most especially NCLB) 1. Teachers are being held to tougher and higher standards than ever before, and they are feeling the pressure. Many excellent teachers have either gone to teach at private schools or quit teaching altogether to avoid the demands made on them. Others have done their best to teach students in what has become a decidedly unfriendly environment. Decisions made by people who either have no experience in teaching children, or are so far removed from the public school setting are causing a rift in our educational process and a loss of respect for teachers. Teachers are now held accountable for the test scores and graduation rates of their students. Teachers are an easy target, and teacher bashing is all too common among policy makers. Some parents are also quick to blame the teacher instead of themselves or their child for poor test grades. It is little wonder that some teachers are seeking different jobs. The pressure of being a teacher is tremendous. To be held responsible for that over which they have little or no control is no way to keep current or attract new teachers to the profession. A. In their 2002 book High Stakes: Children, Testing, and Failure in American Schools, Dale and Bonnie Johnson make comparisons between jobs in education and other service-oriented jobs, saying â€Å" Dentists are not held accountable for patients who develop cavities. We do not blame social workers for clients that cannot get jobs. Lawyers are not accountable for clients who end up in prison. † B. A lack of autonomy and decision-making power over structures and procedures that affect their day-to-day work is one of the working conditions that teachers find intolerable. Elaine Garan, in her book In Defense of Our Children: When Politics, Profit, and Education Collide, published in 2004, says that â€Å"Teachers’ control over matters closest to them, such as pedagogy and curriculum content, has diminished because poor test scores lead to increased pressure to teach the standards and a tighter monitoring of teachers’ work. † C. It is not only the teachers who are affected by these standards. Children are also losers in this era of high stakes testing. An article titled High Stakes Testing Has a Negative Impact on Learning by David Berliner and Sharon Nichols in the 2008 book Has No Child Left Behind Been Good for Education? , states â€Å"By restricting the education of young people and substituting for it training to perform well on high stakes examinations, we are turning America into a nation of test-takers,  abandoning our heritage as a nation of thinkers, dreamers, and doers. † (Transition: Now that I’ve spoken about the problems with current education reforms, I’d like to talk about my third point: possible solutions that might allow teachers to be more autonomous and students to learn effectively. ) 1. In my research, I’ve come across a few interesting ideas for education reform. Two ideas that have some merit are learning community schools and child-centered schools. A. Charles Myers and Douglas Simpson write about learning community schools in their 1998 book Re-Creating Schools: Places Where Everyone Learns and Likes It. They say â€Å"When schools are thought of as learning communities, they are cultures rather than physical locations. As cultures, they have a moral purpose, a mission, and a shared set of core values. Their moral purpose is to educate students and their central goal is all students learning at the highest possible levels. † Obviously, these are common missions and goals of all schools, but the difference in learning community cultures, the mission and goal are used more consistently to create better learning for children and teachers alike. B. In his 1993 book, What are we trying to teach them anyway? A Father’s Focus on School Reform, Ronald Pierce advocates for child-centered schools. He writes, â€Å"Child-centered educators believe that each child needs to develop their own commitment to and style of learning, and that can only occur in an environment where the child largely directs his own learning. † In this setting, acquiring knowledge is still important, but not as much as the overall psychological and emotional development of the child. Conclusion 1. In conclusion, today I have spoken to you about the history of education reform, the problems with the current ideas, and some solutions that might make things better for teachers and students. 2. A teacher making $25,000 per year, buying their own classroom supplies, paying bills and possibly supporting a family is under a lot of strain. Add to that the stringent guidelines and the accountability standards of education today and it becomes obvious why so many young people are abandoning the profession or not entering it at all. Veteran teachers with a few years’ experience may make a bit more, but the same stresses are there. The mass firings of teachers, guidance counselors, principals and assistant principals in Rhode Island in February 2010 is an extreme example of the effects of high stakes education reforms. How are teachers supposed to do their jobs when the threat of being fired looms over their heads? We cannot expect our teachers to continue to work in conditions such as these, and we cannot expect our children to become automatons filled with facts that only glean the surface of what there is to learn. Bibliography Fisanick, Christina. Ed. Has No Child Left Behind Been Good for Education? Greenhaven Press. 2008. Print Garan, Elaine M. In Defense of Our Children: When Politics, Profit, and Education Collide. Heinemann, 2004. Print Johnson, Dale D and Bonnie. High Stakes: Children, Testing, and Failure in American Schools. Rowman Littlefield Publishers. 2002. Print Kohn, Alfie. The Schools Our Children Deserve: Moving Beyond Traditional Classrooms and â€Å"Tougher Standards. Houghton Mifflin Company. 1999 Print Myers, Charles and Simpson, Douglas. Re-Creating Schools: Places Where Everyone Learns and Likes it. Corwin Press, Inc. 1998 National Commission on Excellence in Education. A Nation At Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform. April 1993. Pierce, Ronald K. What are we trying to teach them anyway? A Father’s Focus on School Reform. ICS Press. 1993.

Drive a Car, Not a Cell Phone Essay -- Driving Mobile Phone Use

â€Å"When a driver ‘talks and drives’ they are not only putting themselves at risk, they are also putting everyone around them in a dangerous situation† (ComparisonMarket.com). A study conducted last year by the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, had cameras placed inside one hundred cars and trucks to track drivers' activities before a dangerous event occurred. Research shows users of cell phones while driving caused far more crashes and near misses than non-users. These statistics do not change even if the hand held device becomes hands free by means of a blue tooth or speaker phone. Hands-free cell phones may allow the driver to keep both hands on the wheel however, devices such as headsets or voice activated dialing led to longer dialing times causing the same level of driver distraction. Even though a study released by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety claims bans on handheld cell phones in many states seem to have had no impact on accident ra tes, drivers still should not use a hand held phone while driving in the car because car accidents associated with hand held phone use account for nearly three hundred deaths per year showing cell phone users are four times as likely to get into an automobile accident serious enough to cause injury. University of Utah psychologists have published a study which highlights drivers talking on handheld or hands-free cellular phones as being impaired on the same level as drunken drivers. In this study each of the tests subjects drove in a driving simulator four times; once each while completely undistracted, using a handheld device, using a hands-free device, and intoxicated with vodka and orange juice up to the legal limit of .08. The simulation had the participants following a ... ...icleid=43812. Jaffe, Eric. "Driving While Texting: As Bad as Drunk Driving, Says Study." The Infrastucturist. The Infrastructurist, 05 Oct 2010. Web. 22 Nov 2010. http://www.infrastructurist.com/2010/10/05/driving-while-texting-as-bad-as-drunk-driving-says-study/ Langer, Gary. "Hands Off! Public Backs Ban on Hand-Held Cell Phones in Cars." abcnews. ABCNEWS Internet Ventures, 22 May 2010. Web. 20 Nov 2010. http://abcnews.go.com/sections/us/dailynews/poll_cellphone010522.html LeBeau, Phil. "Want to Stop Texting and Driving? Why Not Jam Cell Phones?" cnbc. CNBC, Inc, 30 Sep 2009. Web. 22 Nov 2010. http://www.cnbc.com/id/33090526/Want_to_Stop_Texting_and_Driving_Why_Not_Jam_Cell_Phones. Sedgwick, David. "Study Shows Banning Cell Phones In Cars Doesn't Work." AOL Autos. AOL Inc, 29 Jan 2010. Web. 20 Nov 2010. http://autos.aol.com/article/cell-phone-ban-study/.

Ideas on “Behaviour of Fish in an Egyptian Tea Garden” Essay

‘Behaviour of Fish in an Egyptian Tea Garden’, written by Keith Douglas is a poem about the connection between man and woman. Describing and interpreting the relationship between the genders sense of hierarchy, beauty and character. This could be analysed in the strange title; the fish (man) is mesmerised by the Garden’s (woman) setting, because it is metaphorically abnormal yet unusually attractive. This draws the fish in, as seen by the fish’s ‘behaviour’. Douglas makes a good example of imagery, using it to further expand the continuous metaphor in a peculiar way. By using the vastness of the sea, filled with fish of all backgrounds, Douglas makes the poem seem quite vast but also profoundly multicultural and universal. The typicality of it all is that the fish’s all have a common desire, a sexual desire to be more accurate. This accumulation of â€Å"cruel wish for love† from the flock of fish; towards a white stone which radiates beauty, makes the poem seem slightly immoral because of the way she â€Å"slyly† draws them in with their undeniable lust. The way Douglas structures each stanza adds to the connotation behind the fish, such as the idea of how universal the fish’s behaviour and thinking patterns are (lust/love). Resulting in a whole flock of fish coming over to look at her beauty. For example in some of the stanzas (such as three, four and five) we can see that Douglas introduces a new type of fish/man for each stanza showing how men are universally ‘all’ the same despite their backgrounds. The length of the stanzas being the same throughout could also represent the typicality of men, meaning it is common throughout, almost predicted. Although there are metaphors throughout this poem, the enjambment is also an important technique in this poem because in each stanza it is heavily used. In the quote â€Å"The fish swim off on business: and she sits alone at the table† there is a new line between the two clauses further adding to the unpredictability of the woman but it also shows how short lived ‘beauty’ is, either the woman has grown old or she has stopped flaunting her body. Furthermore the reason why enjambment adds to the unpredictability is because on every line Douglass uses it to delay the intention of emotion to show how surprised the fish are towards this stone/woman. In the last stanza we can see situational irony; that the escalation of attraction between all the men (thinking they would get something), gets turned down by the lady, forcing them to go back to being normal again. This is because the â€Å"ice-cream is finished†, in other words she has stopped teasing and flaunting her body. Lastly this leaves her with only the option of having a stable and tedious life with a boring rich man (â€Å"collector†), who can tend to her want/needs of money. Furthermore the woman did not find her partner for love because all the men were in a crazy lust for her body, not taking in account for her personality behind the scene. To conclude we can see that Keith Douglas main technique is by continuously comparing his ideas using metaphors throughout the poem. One figure that came to mind when writing this essay was Marilyn Monroe, because in her era she had so much attraction, maybe because society wasn’t used to such beauty, that people (men in general) hyped her ‘level’ of attraction.

Writing and Book Title

Crumples, and Crumples are either Bumpkins or Dumps. Based on this Information. Which of the following statements is/are true? L. II. Ill. IV A BCC A Bumpkin cannot be a Limpkin A Dumpling is always a Crumple A Limpkin can be a Rumple A Rumple can be a Dumpling I, II and Ill only I and IV only Ill and IV only Ill only Questions 2 and 3 refer to the following stimulus.Teachers from Bentley High School are concerned that students show many signs of redness and lack of concentration during the school day, and have blamed the Introduction of TV, Backbone and Namespace as the fundamental cause. A team of researchers, led by Dry Roy Peters, came in to assess the claim of the teachers by conducting a professional study. Dry Peters compiled 80 students at random from Year 9 of the school, and he formed four groups. Group 1 consisted of 20 students who were banned from watching TV for a month.Group 2 consisted of 20 students banned from accessing Backbone for a month. Group 3 consisted of 20 students manned from accessing Namespace for a month. Finally, Group 4 consisted of 20 students banned from watching TV, and banned from accessing Backbone and Namespace. English, Comparative, Guidelines Based on some recent emails, there seems to be a lot of confusion when it comes to approaching the comparative study essay. Understandably, it is quite hard to organism your knowledge of these texts and make it into a coherent comparative.I felt there was no point in trying to write a sample essay, as everyone Is studying different texts. But here Is the bread and butter of It all†¦ In essence, you will be asked to write along the following essay titles (â€Å"modes of comparison†): – cultural context – vision and viewpoint – theme or Issue as explored in 3 texts. Usually 2 of 3 come up every year. This is an artificial division in terms of essay titles. You will end up writing about similar things In each of these essay. Just taking a different angl e each time.A comparative is just that ; don't try to impress the examiner with your in-depth knowledge of the texts – compare them, its okay to be a little superficial, but try to hit the three texts from all the different angles of comparison. To gain an understanding of the kind of organizing you need to do, have a look at my old notes: Comparative road map – my own scribbles. Click on image to enlarge. Don't try to read the details here (this sheet was filled out on the other side too). Just note how I had my 3 texts up across and issues/visions/cultural matters down.

Comparison between Google and Microsoft Products

Comparison between Google and Microsoft Products Define and compare the business strategies and business models of Google and Microsoft The two giant Information and Communication Technological companies have dominated their expertise fields comfortably. The Google Company’s strategy is bases upon the internet technology while Microsoft dominates management of the desktop applications with a wide range of software. There is high competition between the companies with each having to diversify to other core business units of the telecommunication world. The conflicting competition would probably benefit the users by catalyzing future advancement and promoting different strategies. The foundation of Google’s business model is on the search engine in which it dominates among many core related businesses and user applications. The online search algorithms require bright thoughts, high search speeds and supportive products.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison between Google and Microsoft Pro ducts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, the Microsoft becomes prominent because of its operating system, which is widely used all over the world today, advanced application and utility software. The ever-growing internet broadband connection determines the two companies’ chances of advancement. Has the Internet taken over the PC desktop as the centre of the action? Why or why not? The internet technology has advanced widely and according to the general views, internet based tasks seem to overtake the desktop processing. The concept often referred to as cloud or virtual computing has Google Company advancing to better height. Today people are interested in virtual working and management where there is freedom over the place of work as well as time to work. Microsoft seems to concentrate on desktop computation as the focus by influencing users on maintaining the desktop as the main strategy for computation. The ability to maintain such business continuity depends upon cash flow of which both of these companies enjoy. Why did Microsoft attempt to acquire Yahoo!? How did it affect its business model? Do you believe this was a good move? The advantage of allowing computers in the data centre settings to work out tasks called â€Å"cloud computing† lies on the ability to offer an array of internet option. Although Microsoft has a huge advantage of stable and well-ascertained popular applications among its users, the internet theories of search engines, real-time advertising, digital conferencing, digital plotting and photo management catalyzes the use of electronic information today. Virtual networked interfaces offer customers the ability to access information from various servers in a network as opposed working remotely on their desktops. This was the main reason why Microsoft wanted to acquire Yahoo.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It would provide an excellent chance for advancing their clients from the normal offer of tying them to one machine or local network. Today’s users need access of wide variety of information, which is only attainable through the networked servers. I think the move to acquire Yahoo was excellent since Microsoft would give Google a run for their money considering their financial strength. Today the Microsoft application business model that revolves round the desktop publications is highly threatened, since people face with diverging needs to access and compute information virtually. The Google views majority of its clients needs as being internet based. If this were the case, then Microsoft would wish to have similar shares of services, thus the need to acquire Yahoo. The Microsoft-Yahoo merge would have been an automatic challenge for Google. What is the significance of Google Apps to Googles future success? Some of the significant applications of Google include the ability to maintain data centres, which house all its applications. Google has evident future success abilities considering the increase on the need for internet. Google claim its products to be supplements to other companies products especially Microsoft’s. As much as their claim would be significantly right, Google’s applications seem to submerge Microsoft desktop applications. Their offers of the web-based services through the internet work out well because servers seem to form a strong establishment and use. Would you use Google Apps instead of Microsoft Office applications for computing tasks? Why or why not? I would prefer the Google applications over Microsoft because it already have well established internet search marketplace thus the reason why the services would definitely be better compared to Microsoft. The Google search engine is more sophisticated compared to the competitive companies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison between Google and Microsoft Products specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People would wish to have cheaper application suites and Google has tried to incorporate majority of the office applications in its search package. Although much simple compared to Microsoft’s Applications they are much cheaper for both subscription and premier edition fees. Most business requires less advanced applications features as opposed to what is on offer by Microsoft for their Business operations. The security offered by the office product of Microsoft is reliable but eventually every business is profit oriented and as long as the outcome is achieved safely then Google offer all that is required for today’s organizations Which company and business model do you believe will prevail in this epic struggle? Justify your answer. In this epic struggle between the two companies, the Google Company’s struggle to offer better services seems more genuine. The performance of Microsoft online services is way below expectations compared to the ever-improving Google offers. Microsoft has the ability to improve to the status of Google starting from a humble beginning as opposed to merging with Yahoo. The move to acquire Yahoo is sceptical and seen as a move to fight Google other than a chance to advance. Microsoft’s goals of innovating or disrupting search fight to win in displaying advertisements and the aim of reinventing social media experiences and portals faces huge challenges such as technological changes. Disruptive new technologies affect most business models especially when the goals seem wide and focus is on competition only.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

SAT Score Error Use Hand Score Verification to Correct the Mistake

SAT Score Error Use Hand Score Verification to Correct the Mistake SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Did you make a weird error in filling out your multiple choice answer sheet that led to a dramatically reduced score? Was your essay scanned incorrectly? Hand Score Verification is a way for you to address and correct these mistakes without having to retake the test. In this guide, I'll describe what SAT Hand Score Verification is, how it can help you, and how it might hurt. What Is Hand Score Verification? Normally, the College Board grades its hundreds of thousands of test answer sheets through automated scanning machines. This is why the SAT instructs you to fill in answers using only No. 2 pencils. If you order Hand Score Verification, the College Board reviews your multiple choice answer sheet or essay again manually (by a human)for a fee. It's $55 for either multiple choice or the essay ($110 for both). If you used a fee waiver for the SAT, the fee is reduced to $27.50 each. If you marked the answer sheet correctly but there was a problem in the scanning or scoring process, your score may change, and the fee you paid for score verification will be refunded. If you made an obvious error in filling in the information on the answer sheet (putting your answers in the wrong section of the answer sheet, improperly recording the test identifying code), your score may change, but you won’t get a fee refund. For the essay, the College Board will determine whether there was an error made in the scanning of the essay or the processing of scores assigned by essay readers. In this situation, your adjusted score will be automatically reported and your fee will be refunded. This is not a way to appeal your essay score if your essay was already reviewed and scanned in correctly.Your essay doesn't get reread and re-scored in the process of Hand Score Verification unless it didn't scan properly.If your essay was written in pen (which messes with the scanning process), your score may change, but you won't get a fee refund. Note that your whole answer sheet will be reviewed, even if you only think there was a mistake on one section. I'll explain why this is important next. When Should You Use Hand Score Verification? Because SAT Hand Score Verification costs quite a bit of money, and your score could potentially change for the worse, there are only a few specific situations where it's a good idea. Scenario #1: Your Overall Score Was Very Different from What You Expected If you ended up with consistently high scores on practice tests but you scored fairly low, you could have reason to question your results. You might have bubbled in an entire section incorrectly, or there might have been a mistake with the scanning. Score verification would fix both of these and raise your score. Scenario #2: You Missed Many Questions That You Would Normally Ace Look at your detailed score report to see which types of questions you missed on the test. The College Board splits questions up into easy, medium, and hard categories on the score report and tells you how many of each you got wrong within each section. If you find you missed a lot of easy questions in your strongest subject areas, there might have been a mistake in the scoring process. Scenario #3: Your Essay Is Blank or Unreadable in the Online Score Report This could indicate a scanning error (especially if you remember writing your essay in pen). In this case your essay will be rescored. Scenario #4: You Can't Find Answers with Other Means of Score Verification The College Board also offers Score Verification services in the form of the Student Answer Service and the Question-and-Answer Service. The Student Answer Service just provides you with the types of questions on your test; their levels of difficulty; and whether you answered correctly, incorrectly, or not at all. The Question-and-Answer Service provides you with a booklet copy of the questions on the test and your answers, the correct answers (including how the questions were scored), and information about the types and difficulty levels of all questions on the test. If your scores still don't make sense to you after wading through all this information, Hand Score Verification may be the way to go. That's deep, bro. When Should You NOT Use Hand Score Verification? In these situations, you should consider against SAT Score Verification, because it's unlikely toimprove your score. Scenario #1: Your Score Is Only Marginally Lower Than Expected Some students will freak out because they got a 700 instead of an 800 on one section of the SAT, thinking there must have been some sort of terrible mistake. I'd say that if your score is 0-100 points lower in a section that you expected it to be (or up to 300 points lower overall), you shouldn't order Hand Score Verification unless you look at your score report and the questions you got wrong make no sense to you at all. Hand Score Verification could actually hurt you in this situation because your scores might go down, and you would lose the $55 fee. Scenario #2: You Aren't Happy with Your Essay Score, but Your Essay Shows up Clearly in the Online Score Report Score Verification doesn’t involve the review or rescoring of essays that were scanned in properly. Even ifyou're convinced your essay was destined to be a defining literary classic for your generation and couldn't possibly have gotten the score it did, don't order Hand Score Verification in this situation. Scenario #3: You Didn’t Fill in Your Answer Sheet Properly Examples of this include circling bubbles instead of filling them in or making tiny unicorn drawings in the bubbles to indicate your answers. If this is the case your score won't be changed, but you might just get a magical imaginary 800 for creativity (not accepted by colleges). How Do You Order Score Verification? After reviewing the pros and cons of hand score verification, you might decide it's the right choicefor you. Here's a link to the form you need to fill out to order Hand Score Verification.You can request Hand Score Verification for up to five months after your original test date. As I mentioned in the first section, there is a fee of $55 for Hand Score Verification for either multiple choice or the essay. However, that fee can be reduced by half if you used a fee waiver to pay for SAT registration.If you have information that you think could affect the results of the verification process, you should report it to Customer Service (contact info listed on the form) at the same time that you submit the form. The exact check you will receive in the event of a fee refund for Hand Score Verification. A Final Word About Hand Score Verification If you aren’t 100% sure that you want to order Hand Score Verification, don’t do it until you have exhausted all other score verification measures. These include Student Question-and-Answer Services or Student Answer Services depending on when you took the SAT. If you order Hand Score Verification, you won't have access to the Student Answer Service or Question-and-Answer Service for your hand scored answer sheet. You also won't see the full online score report for this new round of scoring. This time you'll only receive your score report in the mail, just like teenage cavemen did when they took their first SATs. Hand Score Verification is the most rigorous score verification process the College Board offers, so there are no score appeals beyond it.Once Hand Score Verification results are reported, they are final for that version of the test. Don't worry though, you can still take the SAT again if you are unhappy with your results. You should get a letter back within five weeks with your new scores and, depending on whether there was an irregularity in the scanning and scoring process, cold hard cash in the form of a fee refund. Well, it'll probably be a check, but you get the idea. What's Next? If you're reading this article, chances are you're not too happy with your score. We're here to help. Read our in depth guides on earning a perfect score on the SAT, along with strategy guides for reading, math, and writing. Maybe you don't need to aim as high as you think. To come up with the ideal target score for you, and you alone, this article will help you figure out what you should be aiming for based on your top choice schools. If you're unhappy with your score, you can still take the test again! Check out our article onhow many times you should take the SAT. You can also take a look at test dates for2016-2017. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Developing a More Agile Approach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Developing a More Agile Approach - Essay Example Wal-Mart is not directly linked with a software business but they do use certain technological software for running their operations unlike Amazon.com which is influenced by software developments. The agile software is easy to implement in a business like Amazon.com rather than in a business like Wal-Mart. Providing quality is the main goals of organizations and it is one of the key determinants of an organization’s success. Nowadays organizations heavily rely on software and other technologies to improve the long-term product quality. Currently, agile software development has become one of the most popular technologies to be used in organizations. If a firm is successful in implementing the software successfully then it also succeeds in improving the long term product quality, as the software targets the factors that are directly related to improving the long term product quality. It improves areas such as finance and human resource that are directly related to aspects such as managing product

What are the effects of enforced codes in our society Essay

What are the effects of enforced codes in our society - Essay Example However, there are also codes that are enforced by virtue of principles that do not necessarily provide benefits to the individuals. These often come as offshoots of certain principles that emphasize more on the supposed well-being of society when, in fact, are not beneficial for its members. Many of these are hidden in the seemingly good intentions of the basic and secondary school systems as well as in the manner that parents raise their children. Unfortunately, these happen to be the enforced codes that are most influential to young individuals. Concepts regarding the existence and effect of such enforced codes are discussed John Taylor Gatto’s Against Schools and in Michael Kimmel’s Bros before Hos: The Guy Code. Both Gatto and Kimmel raise the points of these rules in the school and in the home respectively. Gatto explains that the public system in the US is producing individuals who are schooled but not educated, people who are much easier compelled into submissio n to authorities, whether state or corporate, due to the lack of analytical capabilities. On the other hand, Kimmel argues that the initial phase of the development of the sexist concept of masculinity is right at the point of boyhood, that this is further reinforced by the popular notions on male bonding and interaction, and that this has also led to certain emotional weaknesses of the male. Both discuss the enforcement of certain codes that have profound effects on the individuals and ultimately on society itself. While Gatto expounds on the instilling of the wrong kind of attitude and the mis-education of American public school students through state school policies, Kimmel writes about the upholding of the concepts that are unhealthy emotionally and socially. The enforced codes channeled through the schools and homes are far more powerful than those done through laws written by any other institution to which individuals belong. Such

Ethical Leadership Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Ethical Leadership - Dissertation Example The intention of this study is leadership as considered a core aspect in the functioning and success of n organization. Basically, ethics assists an organization in fostering good relations with the public and maintaining sales and good returns. Furthermore, ethics ensures that an organization operates according to the expectations of the public and maintains quality productions. In the past, organizations were basically faced with management problems due to the theoretical belief on the practice. However, due to the rising concern over leadership and its effectiveness, need for ethics arose. This led to the need for regulations of employees’ behaviors and decision within an organization. Level of competition has also increased and this led to emergence of unethical practices. This is because organizations were working towards gaining of competitive advantage unfairly. Intense competition in the market also led to emergence of technology in operation. This required organizatio ns to effectively evaluate their operation system and transform it to suit changes in operation so as to avoid losses and increase their market share and level of income in the long-run. However, ethical leadership is traced way back from Plato. This is because ethics emphasize on reputation and Plato was so much concerned with reputation. Furthermore, Chester Bernard traces the source of ethics to executive. This is because he spoke of executive responsibility which conforms code of morals. They are presently k

Choosing the Right Cell Phone Essay Example for Free

Choosing the Right Cell Phone Essay Consumer Reports assert â€Å"cell phones are evolving to allow faster texting, Web surfing, GPS navigation, and social networking while keeping up with their day job—voice calling† (Consumer Reports, n.d.). When walking out the door this morning the average person picked up three things; a wallet or purse, their car keys, and their cell phone. The cell phone, though often taken for granted has become a form of life support to many. Before just rushing out to purchase the latest and greatest here is what consumers should know before purchasing their next cell phone. Take the time to prepare and review before going out to purchase a phone. Many often take the word of a salesman they do not even know to decide what is best for them or let a commercial convince them of what device and service they should choose. Picking the wrong cell phone and plan can cost a large amount of money. Everyone has probably made a purchase, and then gotten their next bill to find they were totally surprised. To begin the search for the perfect cell phone one should start with what type of phone he or she is looking for. Would a non-flip (candy bar style phone) or a traditional flip phone (clam shell) better suite their needs? Flip phones had been the choice for most throughout the years but candy bar phones are making a come back with touch screens such as Droids and iPhones. If the phone will be spending a lot of time in ones purse or pocket, one may want to consider a flip phone to avoid unnecessarily scratching the screen and random dialing. If one is looking for a PDA and fully functional QWERTY keypad then a candy bar phone would be the best choice. One should also decide if he or she prefers a touch screen, a standard keyboard, or a QWERTY keyboard when making the decision on they style of phone that is best for them. After deciding the style of phone next one should consider what technology they need in a phone. Do they need text, Internet, e-mail, GPS navigation, walkie-talkie, apps, international service, or just voice calling? There are so many options and possibilities that can make one feel overwhelmed during this process. This can be avoided by doing the proper research ahead of time. The fast pace of today makes email on the go a necessity for most. If needing e-mail one should not pick a phone that is not Internet ready, and may want to consider a full QWERTY keyboard for faster composing of e-mails. Another feature available is walkie-talkie if this is something that was of interest; he or she would want to make sure that is a feature the phone offers. The majority of phones can call out internationally, but if one needs to use the phone abroad he or she would want to check to make sure the phone is world compatible. If voice calling is all one needs it does not make much sense to buy a phone with all the extra bells and whistles. If apps are needed, one might choose an Android or an iPhone because these phones offer the largest selection of apps available. In figure 1.A, based on the latest and greatest technology out today, here is a list of the top three mobile phones. All three of these phones have full access to the Android Market, and are the same in price with a qualified upgrade or new customer pricing. Now that one has decided on the style of phone and what features are needed he or she will make one of the most important decisions in this process. Before deciding on a specific phone one must choose a network. In the past it was easier to choose a network/provider because only one company generally covered a certain area. Providers now have nation-wide networks, and the major companies Sprint, ATT, T-Mobile and Verizon cover almost all areas; making this decision a challenging one. When choosing the right service one should take advantage of the 30-day trial offers that most providers offer to new customers. With taking advantage of the trial one can use the phone in areas he or she would normally be in to make sure service is sufficient. This gives them the ability to make sure it will work in their home, office and see if there are any dead spots in their area. This will allow them to determine if this service provider will be beneficial for their needs before being held to a two and with some providers a three-year commitment. The 30-day trial also pertains to equipment, so if one is not happy with the phone he or she can take it back and try a different model. Say if they thought they could access Facebook, then during the trial realized the phone they have did not support web; it could be exchanged. Perhaps if camera was a big factor on deciding their phone, but when they take pictures they come out fuzzy and not clear; the 30-day trial gives them the freedom to change their mind. Once all these decisions have been made one must then choose his or her calling plan. When choosing a phone plan there are many factors to consider. How many minutes are very important. Chicago Tribune states â€Å"to figure how much talk time you will need, count the minutes you spend on your current phone in a typical month, then add 25 percent to 50 percent as a buffer to avoid hefty overage fees† (Choosing the right cell, 2007). Cell phone providers offer additional services for a set monthly cost. Without the correct information and consideration of what he or she may be using the phone for one could pay a per use fee for additional features he or she failed to have added. If text messaging is something that maybe used, it is far more cost effective to pay $15 per month; rather than $.20 per single text. With data there is also a pay per use charge of $.03 per kilobyte or a monthly data package ranging from $15 to $30. A data package is something that will be needed if one wants to use email, social networking, picture services, apps, and GPS navigation from the phone. Figure 2.A is a chart of some of the main things people are doing on their mobile phones. If the consumer plans to be using any of these features he or she would want to make sure they have the correct plan and features to avoid high bills.

Cancer and Lucille Cliftons Poetry Essay -- Lucille Clifton poem Poet

Cancer and Lucille Clifton's Poetry Sometimes knowledge of someone’s life can be taught by stanzas. It is not always simple being honest and open to discuss past troubles, but it is important that those negative thoughts do not stay bottled inside you. Expressing these feelings can help aid in recovering. Lucille Clifton uses poetry as her therapy to bring out all the shadows in her life. From the beginning of her career with the publishing of Good News About the Earth in 1972 to the most recent addition, Mercy in 2004, we see how Clifton relies on her writing to capture her past. Lucille Clifton’s poetry traces the life of a strong woman imprisoned by loss and disease, but eventually frees herself by living each moment as if it were her last. When you open up one of Lucille Clifton’s books of poetry, you will first notice her unique form. Her poems lack capitalization, punctuation, and many of her poems reject the normal etiquette for spacing. They are often described as â€Å"spare in form, deceptively simple in language, complex in ideas, and reflective of the commonplace† (Houston). The lack in form seems to be very significant because there are some poems where capitalization and punctuation are used. In Holladay’s Wild Blessings, it is suggested that â€Å"like the Beat poets, black activist poets were reacting against the political and literary establishment†(19). There is importance in the lack of form, but it seems that Clifton was not aiming to revolutionize, but merely make a point that the way the poem is written reflects her feelings on the subject. In 1972 Clifton published Good News About the Earth, which addresses societal issues of the time, heroism, family and religion. We see the first instanc... ...eel that she has found some peace with her troubles. She no longer questions the worst, but instead stops the talking and lives her life without fear of the unknown. Works Cited Clifton, Lucille . Good News About The Earth. New York: Random House, 1972. Clifton, Lucille . Mercy. Rochester: BOA Editions, Ltd., 2004. Clifton, Lucille . The Terrible Stories. Brockport: BOA Editions, Ltd., 1996. Hartman, Stephanie. "Reading The Scar in Breast Cancer Poetry." Feminist Studies 2004. 09 Apr 2006 Holladay, Hilary. Wild Blessings: The Poetry of Lucille Clifton. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2004. Houston, Helen R. "About Lucille Clifton." Modern American Poetry. 1995. 09 Apr. 2006 . "The Terrible Stories." Amazon.ca: Editorial Reviews Books. 1996. Publishers Weekly. 09 Apr. 2006 . (amazon).

Mountains Beyond Mountains

In the book, Mountains Beyond Mountains by Tracy Kidder, Paul Farmer made and continues to make a profound difference in the world. He was extremely successful because of the help he received from people who surrounded him. Partners In Health (PIH), Farmer’s organization, gives healthcare to people who cannot afford it and treatment to those with tuberculosis and AIDS. Although he was a founding advocate to the success of Partners In Health, Farmer would not have accomplished all that he did without the aid from others. Usually, it takes a group of people with the same goals in order to make a change in the world.Not everyone in the world can drop his/her entire life and put as much effort into saving the world as Paul Farmer did. However, he had many dedicated people who helped him. Without Ophelia Dahl, Tom White, and Jim Yong Kim, Paul Farmer would not have been nearly as successful as he is today. Ophelia Dahl sacrificed a great deal to make Partners In Health the success it is. Ophelia met farmer when she was just eighteen years old working as a volunteer for Eye Care Haiti. Ophelia and Farmer fell in love while both in Haiti.They both decided their relationship was not going to work due to the amount of time Farmer spent helping others. She realized that her needs as his wife would get in the way of his desire to be the best doctor that he could be. In a letter that Ophelia wrote to Paul she said, â€Å"The qualities I love in you-that drew me to you-also cause me to resent you: namely your unswerving commitment to the poor, your limitless schedule and your massive compassion for others† (Kidder 66). This quote proves how much Farmer put himself before others and put his personal life last on his priority list.Ophelia described Paul Farmer as someone whom is a pleasure to work around. She explained there is always a way to avoid being a bystander because Farmer constantly needs help. In response to that, Ophelia helped start Partners In Heal th and still manages the organization today. Tom White was also an essential part in the starting and continuance of Partners In Health. Kidder wrote, â€Å"Some of the cash came from grants but most of it from private donations, the largest from a Boston developer named Tom White, who gave millions over the years† (Kidder 22).White was a wealthy man who owned a construction firm in Boston and helped Farmer get enough money in order to start the hospital that he thought had much potential. He met Paul Farmer when Farmer was still training to be a doctor and the millions of dollars he gave supported Partners In Health for several years. Although Tom White did not directly take care of any of the patients, he saved millions of lives due to his generosity. Without his money there would have been numerous tragic deaths that could have been treated with just a few supplies.Kidder explains, â€Å"Farmer and his staff of community health workers treated most tuberculosis patients i n their huts and spent between $150 an $200 to cure an uncomplicated case† (Kidder 22). Thus, this quote goes to show how many lives Tom White technically saved with the millions of dollars he put forth. Jim Yong Kim is what we would call Paul Farmer’s â€Å"partner in crime† in carrying out Farmer’s ideals in medicine. Kim was a founder of Partners In Health with Farmer. He worked beside Farmer and is also a Brigham doctor who puts much of his life into saving patients with tuberculosis and AIDS.Farmer also played a prominent role in curing several cases of AIDS and HIV through World Health Organization. In addition to his help in Haiti, Kim also started a clinic in Peru to help cure severe cases of tuberculosis. In Peru, he helped create a treatment program for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. He successfully solved many tuberculosis cases in Peru and proved to many it is possible to cure severe cases that may seem untreatable. Kim still continues helpi ng with Partners In Health and contributing to the expanding medical field.Without the help of these individuals, Paul Farmer would not have accomplished nearly as much as he did. The more support and help that one has the more goals they are likely to accomplish. Although Dahl, White, and Kim may not have been as extreme as Farmer they still changed many lives. They created organizations that still stand today and continue to help sick dc-=-people. If everyone helped someone just once at some point in their day like Farmer did, more and more lives could be changed.

Major Pairs Of Salivary Glands Health And Social Care Essay

The three major braces of salivary secretory organs in the unwritten pit are parotid secretory organs, sublingual secretory organs and submandibular secretory organs. The parotid secretory organs are the largest brace of secretory organ locates posterior to the angle of the jaw, inferior and median to the ears. The other two smaller braces are sublingual secretory organs and submandibular secretory organs, which locate deep in the floor of the oral cavity. In add-on to these major secretory organs and other minor salivary secretory organs are placed throughout the oral cavity. Saliva is indispensable to unwritten wellness. The most obvious and of import map in the unwritten pit is to keep of wellness of the dentition and the soft tissues. It is protective in its maps of lubrication and cleaning. Xerostomia means waterlessness of the oral cavity. It is a symptom of different medical conditions, a side consequence of a broad assortment of medicines or caput and cervix radiation therapy . It is a ailment that is caused by absence or diminished measure of spit. Lack of spit and cut downing unwritten lubrication would impact many maps. Patient may see dry oral cavity are of import lending factors to unwritten uncomfortableness, dental cavities and other infections as a effect of the decreased defense mechanisms ( Gater, 2008 ) .Functions of spit:Saliva is produced through all of the secretory organs, which is portion of the digestive procedure for lubricate and interrupting down the nutrient. It besides helps get downing and normal gustatory sensation perceptual experience. Saliva contains assorted antimicrobic constituents such as muramidase, mucin, histatins and other substances that aid in opposition to disease ( Scully & A ; Felix, 2005 ) . Saliva has many of import maps including mechanical cleansing action to take of nutrient dust, control of pH for remineralisation and antimicrobic activity, or lubrication of the unwritten pit to keep the unity of the unwritte n mucous membrane ( Wilkins, 2005 ) .Diagnosis and rating of dry mouth:For a dental hygienist to name dry mouth can be based on grounds that acquired from the patient ‘s history, an intraoral scrutiny of the unwritten pit and saliva trial. Xerostomia should be considered if the patient holding trouble eating dry nutrient, problems on get downing or complains of dry oral cavity, peculiarly at dark. The unwritten mucous membrane may be dry and gluey, or frequently appear erythematous as a consequence of an giantism of Candida albicans. The ruddy spots may normally happen on the difficult or soft roof of the mouth and dorsal surface of the lingua. Sporadically, pseudomembranous moniliasis will be present, removable white plaques may look on any mucosal surface. There may be small or no pooled spit in the floor of the oral cavity, and the lingua as looking dry with little Numberss of papillae. The spit may be thick and gluey. Dental cavities may be probably found at the cervical b order or the incisal borders of the dentition ( Greenspan, 1996 ) .Common causes of dry mouth:Certain drugs, diseases and upsets can do the salivary secretory organs non to work decently and therefore lessening saliva production. Medicine is the most prevailing cause of dry mouth. Xerogenic drugs such as cytotoxic drugs can straight damage the salivary secretory organs. The chief wrongdoers are antidepressants, anorexiants, antihistamines, major tranquilizers, anticholinergics, anti-Parkinson agents, antihypertensives, depressants and water pills. Other common drugs that cause xerostomia include skeletal musculus relaxants, bronchodilators anodynes, antiemetics, antidiarrheals, antianxiety agents and decongestants. These many drugs may act upon the quality and measure of spit ; nevertheless these effects are by and large short term ( Astor, Hanft, & A ; Ciocon, 1999 ; Sreebny & A ; Schwartz, 1997 ) . As a dental hygienist an interview should be taken in patients kicking of dry mouth and reviewed their medicines. Patients may necessitate to alter the doses or medicines if possible to heighten salivary flow. Liquids preparations may be more benefitted and sublingual dose signifiers would necessitate to avoid. We may advice patients to lubricate the pharynx and oral cavity with glass of H2O before taking tablets or capsules. We may see altering one medicine from another with less anticholinergic activity but besides with comparable efficaciousness ( McDonald & A ; Marino, 1991 ) . Sjogren ‘s syndrome ( SS ) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease normally doing dry mouth that occurs in bulk of postmenopausal adult females. Patients are normally associated with dry oral cavity and dry eyes. The other clinical characteristics of SS are grounds of an autoimmune reaction shown by serum autoantibodies and confirmed by continuing mononucleate cell infiltrates in labial salivary secretory organ biopsy. About tierce of patients with SS normally associated with expansion of major salivary secretory organs. At this phase there is no remedy for the disease. The preferred therapy is to pull off symptoms ( Dyke, 2000 ) . Amyloidosis and sarcoidosis are other chronic inflammatory diseases that cause dry mouth. In amyloidosis, starchlike retains in the salivary secretory organs, which conduce in development of dry mouth. In sarcoidosis, noncaseating epithelioid granulomas in salivary secretory organs to do decreased salivary flow ( Greenspan, 1996 ) . Other systemic diseases that can do xerostomia include diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, dermatosclerosis, arthritic arthritis, hormone upsets, systemic lupus erythematosus, bone marrow organ transplant, cystic fibrosis, nutritionary lacks, Bright's disease, thyroid disfunction and neurological diseases. Hyposecretory conditions, such as atrophic gastritis, primary bilious cirrhosis, and pancreatic inadequacy, may besides do dry mouth. Stroke may alter the ability to see unwritten esthesiss. Xerostomia can do from impaired H2O consumption, polyuria or diarrhoea. Psychogenetic causes, such as depression, emphasis, anxiousness or fright can besides ensue in dry mouth. Salivary secretory organ secernment is chiefly under the influence of the autonomic nervous system. In acute anxiousness, due to sympathetic stimulation, the oral cavity may experience dry. Advancing age and oral cavity external respiration, are besides associated with dry oral cavity because of a decrease of saliva ry acini, with a autumn in salivary secretory modesty ( Scully & A ; Felix, 2005 ) . Dry oral cavity is frequently leaded to activities such as hyperventilation, cigarettes smoking or intoxicant imbibing. Trauma to the caput and neck country can damage the nervousnesss for providing esthesis to the oral cavity, which affect the normal map of the salivary secretory organs ( Astor, et al. , 1999 ) . Standard radiation therapy to the caput and cervix is one of most common toxicity associated with xerostomia. Radiation can alter in the serous secretory cells, doing a decrease in spit flow and increased viscousness of the spit. The early ailment from patients after with radiation therapy is thick or gluey spit. The grade of lasting xerostomia depends on the radiation dosage and the volume of salivary secretory organ exposed to radiation. These alterations are typically lasting ( Anke Petra Jellema, 2007 ) .Management of dry mouth:Any implicit in cause of dry mouth should hold possible be rectified. Some stairss need to be taken to understate the consequence of the implicit in cause. For patients with xerostomia is related to medicine usage, it is of import to keep conformity with the medicine direction. Diagnostic intervention should be included in four classs: replacement lost secernments, heightening spit flow, control of dental cavities and specific intervention of infections ( Greenspan, 1996 ) . Patients should be educated into attempts to avoid factors that may increase waterlessness and every bit good as to maintain the mouth moist. Using diabetic Sweets or sugar free masticating gums can excite salivation. Merely a specializer should utilize cholinergic drugs that stimulate salivation such as pilocarpine or cevimeline. A pharmaceutical company has late been developed a new Natrol Dry Mouth Relief, uses a patented class of anhydrous crystalline malt sugar ( ACM ) to excite saliva production. In a clinical survey of patients with Sjorgren ‘s Syndrome, ACM was shown to increase secernments and significantly better patient ‘s subjective appraisal of symptoms ( Fox, MJCummins, & A ; Cummins, 2001 ) . Artificial spit or saliva replacements such as Optimoist spray, Salix tablets, V. A. Oralube sodium-free liquid, Salivart, Xero-Lube Artificial Saliva are formulated to copy natural spit can be used to moisture and lubricate the oral cavity. Howeve r they can be merely considered as replacing therapy instead than a remedy because they do non excite salivary secretory organ production. There are besides many scientific research on advancing saliva production and simulation such as the production of fungicidal proteins of course happening in serous salivary secretory organs, antimicrobic peptides originally derived by histatins ( Der, Vissink, Veerman, & A ; Amerongen, 1999 ; Fox, et al. , 2001 ) . Another country of research includes Prednisolone irrigation of parotid secretory organs is being investigated as a possible intervention of dry mouth in patients with Sjogren ‘s syndrome ( Izumi, et al. , 1998 ) . Slow-release bringing systems for pilocarpine are besides being investigated. Inoculation with auto-reactive T cells or with T cell receptor peptides is another country of research, as is the possibility of infixing H2O transporting proteins or aquaporins, in the cell membrane of the ductal cells ( Der, et al. , 1999 ) . Patient with dry mouth are at additions hazard of developing cavities and other unwritten complications. A day-to-day ego unwritten scrutiny may be recommended by look intoing any abnormalcies such as dark, white or ruddy spots, ulcers or tooth decay. Patients should hold regular alveolar consonant cheque up. It is of import to rede patients non to take sugary or acidic nutrients and drinks, every bit good as keeping a high criterion of unwritten hygiene. Topical fluoride agent signifiers are one of the of import constituents of patients ‘ long-run attention.Decision:Xerostomia is a common job can hold a important consequence on a patient ‘s quality of life if non recognised and treated decently. As a dental hygienist we have to travel through a proper appraisal, provide an appropriate intervention, emphasise bar, patients ‘ instruction and specialist referral to understate dry mouth and its consequence on patients ‘ dental wellness and quality of life.